Infections
Infections occur when harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites invade the body, multiply, and disrupt normal functions. They can range from mild, self-limiting illnesses to severe, life-threatening conditions. Infections can be localized, affecting a specific organ or tissue, or systemic, spreading throughout the body via the bloodstream.
The symptoms of infection depend on its type and location but commonly include fever, fatigue, pain, redness, swelling, and an elevated white blood cell count. Some infections, like the flu or COVID-19, primarily affect the respiratory system, while others, such as osteomyelitis or septic arthritis, target specific areas like bones or joints.
Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, laboratory tests (e.g., blood tests, cultures), and imaging studies. Early detection is critical to prevent complications such as abscess formation, sepsis, or chronic illness.
Treatment varies based on the pathogen responsible. Bacterial infections are typically treated with antibiotics, while antiviral, antifungal, or antiparasitic medications are used for other infections. Supportive measures, including hydration, rest, and symptomatic relief, are often essential.
Preventive strategies like vaccination, good hygiene, proper wound care, and timely medical intervention can significantly reduce the risk of infections and their impact on health.